In the intricate social world of marine mammals, where dolphins, whales, and seals form complex relationships, new research reveals a hidden dynamic influencing the spread of infectious diseases. These social bonds, while beneficial for foraging and protection, also facilitate the transmission of illnesses.
Published in the journal Mammal Review, the study compiled data from global research, showing that the spread of diseases like morbilliviruses in marine mammals is not just about the number of infected individuals but about who interacts with whom. This is reflected in many cases by ‘super-spreaders’—highly connected animals that contribute significantly to outbreaks.
With the challenges of climate change, pollution, and other stressors weakening marine mammal immune systems, the findings emphasize the need for conservation strategies that consider social structures. Targeted monitoring of socially central animals and habitat protection could offer early warning signs, proving critical amid growing environmental threats.